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Oozie Shell Action Extension

Shell Action

The shell action runs a Shell command.

The workflow job will wait until the Shell command completes before continuing to the next action.

To run the Shell job, you have to configure the shell action with the =job-tracker=, name-node and Shell exec elements as well as the necessary arguments and configuration.

A shell action can be configured to create or delete HDFS directories before starting the Shell job.

Shell launcher configuration can be specified with a file, using the job-xml element, and inline, using the configuration elements.

Oozie EL expressions can be used in the inline configuration. Property values specified in the configuration element override values specified in the job-xml file.

Note that Hadoop mapred.job.tracker and fs.default.name properties must not be present in the inline configuration.

As with Hadoop map-reduce jobs, it is possible to add files and archives in order to make them available to the Shell job. Refer to the [WorkflowFunctionalSpec#FilesAchives][Adding Files and Archives for the Job] section for more information about this feature.

The output (STDOUT) of the Shell job can be made available to the workflow job after the Shell job ends. This information could be used from within decision nodes. If the output of the Shell job is made available to the workflow job the shell command must follow the following requirements:

  • The format of the output must be a valid Java Properties file.
  • The size of the output must not exceed 2KB.

Syntax: 

<workflow-app name="[WF-DEF-NAME]" xmlns="uri:oozie:workflow:0.3">
    ...
    <action name="[NODE-NAME]">
        <shell xmlns="uri:oozie:shell-action:0.1">
            <job-tracker>[JOB-TRACKER]</job-tracker>
            <name-node>[NAME-NODE]</name-node>
            <prepare>
               <delete path="[PATH]"/>
               ...
               <mkdir path="[PATH]"/>
               ...
            </prepare>
            <job-xml>[SHELL SETTINGS FILE]</job-xml>
            <configuration>
                <property>
                    <name>[PROPERTY-NAME]</name>
                    <value>[PROPERTY-VALUE]</value>
                </property>
                ...
            </configuration>
            <exec>[SHELL-COMMAND]</exec>
            <argument>[ARG-VALUE]</argument>
                ...
            <argument>[ARG-VALUE]</argument>
            <env-var>[VAR1=VALUE1]</env-var>
               ...
            <env-var>[VARN=VALUEN]</env-var>
            <file>[FILE-PATH]</file>
            ...
            <archive>[FILE-PATH]</archive>
            ...
            <capture-output/>
        </shell>
        <ok to="[NODE-NAME]"/>
        <error to="[NODE-NAME]"/>
    </action>
    ...
</workflow-app>

The prepare element, if present, indicates a list of paths to delete or create before starting the job. Specified paths must start with hdfs://HOST:PORT .

The job-xml element, if present, specifies a file containing configuration for the Shell job. As of schema 0.2, multiple job-xml elements are allowed in order to specify multiple job.xml files.

The configuration element, if present, contains configuration properties that are passed to the Shell job.

The exec element must contain the path of the Shell command to execute. The arguments of Shell command can then be specified using one or more argument element.

The argument element, if present, contains argument to be passed to the Shell command.

The env-var element, if present, contains the environment to be passed to the Shell command. env-var should contain only one pair of environment variable and value. If the pair contains the variable such as $PATH, it should follow the Unix convention such as PATH=$PATH:mypath. Don't use ${PATH} which will be substituted by Oozie's EL evaluator.

A shell action creates a Hadoop configuration. The Hadoop configuration is made available as a local file to the Shell application in its running directory. The exact file path is exposed to the spawned shell using the environment variable called OOZIE_ACTION_CONF_XML .The Shell application can access the environment variable to read the action configuration XML file path.

If the capture-output element is present, it indicates Oozie to capture output of the STDOUT of the shell command execution. The Shell command output must be in Java Properties file format and it must not exceed 2KB. From within the workflow definition, the output of an Shell action node is accessible via the String action:output(String node, String key) function (Refer to section '4.2.6 Action EL Functions').

All the above elements can be parameterized (templatized) using EL expressions.

Example:

How to run any shell script or perl script or CPP executable

<workflow-app xmlns='uri:oozie:workflow:0.3' name='shell-wf'>
    <start to='shell1' />
    <action name='shell1'>
        <shell xmlns="uri:oozie:shell-action:0.1">
            <job-tracker>${jobTracker}</job-tracker>
            <name-node>${nameNode}</name-node>
            <configuration>
                <property>
                  <name>mapred.job.queue.name</name>
                  <value>${queueName}</value>
                </property>
            </configuration>
            <exec>${EXEC}</exec>
            <argument>A</argument>
            <argument>B</argument>
            <file>${EXEC}#${EXEC}</file> <!--Copy the executable to compute node's current working directory -->
        </shell>
        <ok to="end" />
        <error to="fail" />
    </action>
    <kill name="fail">
        <message>Script failed, error message[${wf:errorMessage(wf:lastErrorNode())}]</message>
    </kill>
    <end name='end' />
</workflow-app>

The corresponding job properties file used to submit Oozie job could be as follows:

oozie.wf.application.path=hdfs://localhost:8020/user/kamrul/workflows/script#Execute is expected to be in the Workflow directory.
#Shell Script to run
EXEC=script.sh
#CPP executable. Executable should be binary compatible to the compute node OS.
#EXEC=hello
#Perl script
#EXEC=script.pl
jobTracker=localhost:8021
nameNode=hdfs://localhost:8020
queueName=default

How to run any java program bundles in a jar.

<workflow-app xmlns='uri:oozie:workflow:0.3' name='shell-wf'>
    <start to='shell1' />
    <action name='shell1'>
        <shell xmlns="uri:oozie:shell-action:0.1">
            <job-tracker>${jobTracker}</job-tracker>
            <name-node>${nameNode}</name-node>
            <configuration>
                <property>
                  <name>mapred.job.queue.name</name>
                  <value>${queueName}</value>
                </property>
            </configuration>
            <exec>java</exec>
            <argument>-classpath</argument>
            <argument>./${EXEC}:$CLASSPATH</argument>
            <argument>Hello</argument>
            <file>${EXEC}#${EXEC}</file> <!--Copy the jar to compute node current working directory -->
        </shell>
        <ok to="end" />
        <error to="fail" />
    </action>
    <kill name="fail">
        <message>Script failed, error message[${wf:errorMessage(wf:lastErrorNode())}]</message>
    </kill>
    <end name='end' />
</workflow-app>

The corresponding job properties file used to submit Oozie job could be as follows:

oozie.wf.application.path=hdfs://localhost:8020/user/kamrul/workflows/script#Hello.jar file is expected to be in the Workflow directory.
EXEC=Hello.jar
jobTracker=localhost:8021
nameNode=hdfs://localhost:8020
queueName=default

Shell Action Logging

Shell action's stdout and stderr output are redirected to the Oozie Launcher map-reduce job task STDOUT that runs the shell command.

From Oozie web-console, from the Shell action pop up using the 'Console URL' link, it is possible to navigate to the Oozie Launcher map-reduce job task logs via the Hadoop job-tracker web-console.

Shell Action Limitations

Although Shell action can execute any shell command, there are some limitations.

  • No interactive command is supported.
  • Command can't be executed as different user using sudo.
  • User has to explicitly upload the required 3rd party packages (such as jar, so lib, executable etc). Oozie provides a way using and tag through Hadoop's Distributed Cache to upload.
  • Since Oozie will execute the shell command into a Hadoop compute node, the default installation of utility in the compute node might not be fixed. However, the most common unix utilities are usually installed on all compute nodes. It is important to note that Oozie could only support the commands that are installed into the compute nodes or that are uploaded through Distributed Cache.

Appendix, Shell XML-Schema

AE.A Appendix A, Shell XML-Schema

Shell Action Schema Version 0.2

<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
           xmlns:shell="uri:oozie:shell-action:0.2" elementFormDefault="qualified"
           targetNamespace="uri:oozie:shell-action:0.2">    <xs:element name="shell" type="shell:ACTION"/>
    <xs:complexType name="ACTION">
      <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="job-tracker" type="xs:string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
            <xs:element name="name-node" type="xs:string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
            <xs:element name="prepare" type="shell:PREPARE" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
            <xs:element name="job-xml" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
            <xs:element name="configuration" type="shell:CONFIGURATION" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
            <xs:element name="exec" type="xs:string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
            <xs:element name="argument" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
            <xs:element name="env-var" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
            <xs:element name="file" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
            <xs:element name="archive" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
            <xs:element name="capture-output" type="shell:FLAG" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
        </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
    <xs:complexType name="FLAG"/>
    <xs:complexType name="CONFIGURATION">
        <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="property" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded">
                <xs:complexType>
                    <xs:sequence>
                        <xs:element name="name" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" type="xs:string"/>
                        <xs:element name="value" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" type="xs:string"/>
                        <xs:element name="description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="xs:string"/>
                    </xs:sequence>
                </xs:complexType>
            </xs:element>
        </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
    <xs:complexType name="PREPARE">
        <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="delete" type="shell:DELETE" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
            <xs:element name="mkdir" type="shell:MKDIR" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
        </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
    <xs:complexType name="DELETE">
        <xs:attribute name="path" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
    </xs:complexType>
    <xs:complexType name="MKDIR">
        <xs:attribute name="path" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
    </xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>

Shell Action Schema Version 0.1

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  distributed with this work for additional information
  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
           xmlns:shell="uri:oozie:shell-action:0.1" elementFormDefault="qualified"
           targetNamespace="uri:oozie:shell-action:0.1">
    <xs:element name="shell" type="shell:ACTION"/>
    <xs:complexType name="ACTION">
      <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="job-tracker" type="xs:string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
            <xs:element name="name-node" type="xs:string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
            <xs:element name="prepare" type="shell:PREPARE" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
            <xs:element name="job-xml" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
            <xs:element name="configuration" type="shell:CONFIGURATION" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
             <xs:element name="exec" type="xs:string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
            <xs:element name="argument" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
            <xs:element name="env-var" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
            <xs:element name="file" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
            <xs:element name="archive" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
            <xs:element name="capture-output" type="shell:FLAG" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
        </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
    <xs:complexType name="FLAG"/>
    <xs:complexType name="CONFIGURATION">
        <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="property" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded">
                <xs:complexType>
                    <xs:sequence>
                        <xs:element name="name" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" type="xs:string"/>
                        <xs:element name="value" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" type="xs:string"/>
                        <xs:element name="description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="xs:string"/>
                    </xs:sequence>
                </xs:complexType>
            </xs:element>
        </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
    <xs:complexType name="PREPARE">
        <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="delete" type="shell:DELETE" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
            <xs:element name="mkdir" type="shell:MKDIR" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
        </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
    <xs:complexType name="DELETE">
        <xs:attribute name="path" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
    </xs:complexType>
    <xs:complexType name="MKDIR">
        <xs:attribute name="path" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
    </xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>

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