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Oozie Installation and Configuration

Basic Setup

Follow the instructions at Oozie Quick Start .

Environment Setup

IMPORTANT: Oozie ignores any set value for OOZIE_HOME , Oozie computes its home automatically.

When running Oozie with its embedded Tomcat server, the conf/oozie-env.sh file can be used to configure the following environment variables used by Oozie:

CATALINA_OPTS : settings for the Embedded Tomcat that runs Oozie Java System properties for Oozie should be specified in this variable. No default value.

OOZIE_CONFIG_FILE : Oozie configuration file to load from Oozie configuration directory. Default value oozie-site.xml .

OOZIE_LOGS : Oozie logs directory. Default value logs/ directory in the Oozie installation directory.

OOZIE_LOG4J_FILE : Oozie Log4J configuration file to load from Oozie configuration directory. Default value oozie-log4j.properties .

OOZIE_LOG4J_RELOAD : Reload interval of the Log4J configuration file, in seconds. Default value 10

OOZIE_HTTP_PORT : The port Oozie server runs. Default value 11000 .

OOZIE_ADMIN_PORT : The admin port Oozie server runs. Default value 11001 .

OOZIE_HTTP_HOSTNAME : The host name Oozie server runs on. Default value is the output of the command hostname -f .

OOZIE_BASE_URL : The base URL for actions callback URLs to Oozie. The default value is http://${OOZIE_HTTP_HOSTNAME}:${OOZIE_HTTP_PORT}/oozie .

OOZIE_CHECK_OWNER : If set to true , Oozie setup/start/run/stop scripts will check that the owner of the Oozie installation directory matches the user invoking the script. The default value is undefined and interpreted as a false .

If Oozie is configured to use HTTPS (SSL), then the following environment variables are also used:

OOZIE_HTTPS_PORT : The port Oozie server runs when using HTTPS. Default value 11443 .

OOZIE_HTTPS_KEYSTORE_FILE : The location of the keystore file containing the certificate information. Default value ${HOME}/.keystore (i.e. the home dir of the Oozie user).

OOZIE_HTTPS_KEYSTORE_PASS : The password of the keystore file. Default value password .

OOZIE_INSTANCE_ID : The instance id of the Oozie server. When using HA, each server instance should have a unique instance id. Default value ${OOZIE_HTTP_HOSTNAME}

Oozie Server Setup

The oozie-setup.sh script prepares the embedded Tomcat server to run Oozie.

The oozie-setup.sh script options are:

Usage  : oozie-setup.sh <OPTIONS>"
         prepare-war [-d directory] [-secure] (-d identifies an alternative directory for processing jars"
                                              -secure will configure the war file to use HTTPS (SSL))"
         sharelib create -fs FS_URI [-locallib SHARED_LIBRARY] (create sharelib for oozie,"
                                                               FS_URI is the fs.default.name"
                                                               for hdfs uri; SHARED_LIBRARY, path to the"
                                                               Oozie sharelib to install, it can be a tarball"
                                                               or an expanded version of it. If omitted,"
                                                               the Oozie sharelib tarball from the Oozie"
                                                               installation directory will be used)"
                                                               (action fails if sharelib is already installed"
                                                               in HDFS)"
         sharelib upgrade -fs FS_URI [-locallib SHARED_LIBRARY] ([deprecated][use create command to create new version]
                                                                 upgrade existing sharelib, fails if there"
                                                                 is no existing sharelib installed in HDFS)"
         db create|upgrade|postupgrade -run [-sqlfile <FILE>] (create, upgrade or postupgrade oozie db with an"
                                                               optional sql file)"
         (without options prints usage information)"

If a directory libext/ is present in Oozie installation directory, the oozie-setup.sh script include all JARs in the libext/ directory in Oozie WAR file.

If the ExtJS ZIP file is present in the libext/ directory, it will be added to Oozie WAR as well. The ExtJS library file name be ext-2.2.zip .

Setting Up Oozie with an Alternate Tomcat

Use the addtowar.sh script to prepare the Oozie server only if Oozie will run with a different servlet container than the embedded Tomcat provided with the distribution.

The addtowar.sh script adds Hadoop JARs, JDBC JARs and the ExtJS library to the Oozie WAR file.

The addtowar.sh script options are:

 Usage  : addtowar <OPTIONS>
 Options: -inputwar INPUT_OOZIE_WAR
          -outputwar OUTPUT_OOZIE_WAR
          [-hadoop HADOOP_VERSION HADOOP_PATH]
          [-extjs EXTJS_PATH]
          [-jars JARS_PATH] (multiple JAR path separated by ':')
          [-secureWeb WEB_XML_PATH] (path to secure web.xml)

The original oozie.war file is in the Oozie server installation directory.

After the Hadoop JARs and the ExtJS library has been added to the oozie.war file Oozie is ready to run.

Delete any previous deployment of the oozie.war from the servlet container (if using Tomcat, delete =oozie.war= and oozie directory from Tomcat's webapps/ directory)

Deploy the prepared oozie.war file (the one that contains the Hadoop JARs and the ExtJS library) in the servlet container (if using Tomcat, copy the prepared oozie.war file to Tomcat's webapps/ directory).

IMPORTANT: Only one Oozie instance can be deployed per Tomcat instance.

Database Configuration

Oozie works with HSQL, Derby, MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL or SQL Server databases.

By default, Oozie is configured to use Embedded Derby.

Oozie bundles the JDBC drivers for HSQL, Embedded Derby and PostgreSQL.

HSQL is normally used for test cases as it is an in-memory database and all data is lost every time Oozie is stopped.

If using Derby, MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, or SQL Server, the Oozie database schema must be created using the ooziedb.sh command line tool.

If using MySQL, Oracle, or SQL Server, the corresponding JDBC driver JAR file must be copied to Oozie's libext/ directory and it must be added to Oozie WAR file using the bin/addtowar.sh or the oozie-setup.sh scripts using the -jars option.

IMPORTANT: It is recommended to set the database's timezone to GMT (consult your database's documentation on how to do this). Databases don't handle Daylight Saving Time shifts correctly, and may cause problems if you run any Coordinators with actions scheduled to materialize during the 1 hour period where we "fall back". For Derby, you can add '-Duser.timezone=GMT' to CATALINA_OPTS in oozie-env.sh to set this. Alternatively, if using MySQL, you can have Oozie use GMT with MySQL without setting MySQL's timezone to GMT by adding 'useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=GMT' arguments to the JDBC URL, oozie.service.JPAService.jdbc.url . Be advised that changing the timezone on an existing Oozie database while Coordinators are already running may cause Coordinators to shift by the offset of their timezone from GMT once after making this change.

The SQL database used by Oozie is configured using the following configuration properties (default values shown):

  oozie.db.schema.name=oozie
  oozie.service.JPAService.create.db.schema=false
  oozie.service.JPAService.validate.db.connection=false
  oozie.service.JPAService.jdbc.driver=org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver
  oozie.service.JPAService.jdbc.url=jdbc:derby:${oozie.data.dir}/${oozie.db.schema.name}-db;create=true
  oozie.service.JPAService.jdbc.username=sa
  oozie.service.JPAService.jdbc.password=
  oozie.service.JPAService.pool.max.active.conn=10

NOTE: If the oozie.db.schema.create property is set to true (default value is false ) the Oozie tables will be created automatically without having to use the ooziedb command line tool. Setting this property to true it is recommended only for development.

NOTE: If the oozie.db.schema.create property is set to true, the oozie.service.JPAService.validate.db.connection property value is ignored and Oozie handles it as set to false .

Once oozie-site.xml has been configured with the database configuration execute the ooziedb.sh command line tool to create the database:

$ bin/ooziedb.sh create -sqlfile oozie.sql -runValidate DB Connection.
DONE
Check DB schema does not exist
DONE
Check OOZIE_SYS table does not exist
DONE
Create SQL schema
DONE
DONE
Create OOZIE_SYS table
DONE
Oozie DB has been created for Oozie version '3.2.0'
The SQL commands have been written to: oozie.sql
$

NOTE: If using MySQL, Oracle, or SQL Server, copy the corresponding JDBC driver JAR file to the libext/ directory before running the ooziedb.sh command line tool.

NOTE: If instead using the '-run' option, the '-sqlfile ' option is used, then all the database changes will be written to the specified file and the database won't be modified.

If using HSQL there is no need to use the ooziedb command line tool as HSQL is an in-memory database. Use the following configuration properties in the oozie-site.xml:

  oozie.db.schema.name=oozie
  oozie.service.JPAService.create.db.schema=true
  oozie.service.JPAService.validate.db.connection=false
  oozie.service.JPAService.jdbc.driver=org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver
  oozie.service.JPAService.jdbc.url=jdbc:hsqldb:mem:${oozie.db.schema.name}
  oozie.service.JPAService.jdbc.username=sa
  oozie.service.JPAService.jdbc.password=
  oozie.service.JPAService.pool.max.active.conn=10

Oozie Configuration

By default, Oozie configuration is read from Oozie's conf/ directory

The Oozie configuration is distributed in 3 different files:

  • oozie-site.xml : Oozie server configuration
  • oozie-log4j.properties : Oozie logging configuration
  • adminusers.txt : Oozie admin users list

Oozie Configuration Properties

All Oozie configuration properties and their default values are defined in the oozie-default.xml file.

Oozie resolves configuration property values in the following order:

  • If a Java System property is defined, it uses its value
  • Else, if the Oozie configuration file (=oozie-site.xml=) contains the property, it uses its value
  • Else, it uses the default value documented in the oozie-default.xml file

NOTE: The oozie-default.xml file found in Oozie's conf/ directory is not used by Oozie, it is there for reference purposes only.

Logging Configuration

By default, Oozie log configuration is defined in the oozie-log4j.properties configuration file.

If the Oozie log configuration file changes, Oozie reloads the new settings automatically.

By default, Oozie logs to Oozie's logs/ directory.

Oozie logs in 4 different files:

  • oozie.log: web services log streaming works from this log
  • oozie-ops.log: messages for Admin/Operations to monitor
  • oozie-instrumentation.log: instrumentation data, every 60 seconds (configurable)
  • oozie-audit.log: audit messages, workflow jobs changes

The embedded Tomcat and embedded Derby log files are also written to Oozie's logs/ directory.

Oozie User Authentication Configuration

Oozie supports Kerberos HTTP SPNEGO authentication, pseudo/simple authentication and anonymous access for client connections.

Anonymous access (*default*) does not require the user to authenticate and the user ID is obtained from the job properties on job submission operations, other operations are anonymous.

Pseudo/simple authentication requires the user to specify the user name on the request, this is done by the PseudoAuthenticator class by injecting the user.name parameter in the query string of all requests. The user.name parameter value is taken from the client process Java System property user.name .

Kerberos HTTP SPNEGO authentication requires the user to perform a Kerberos HTTP SPNEGO authentication sequence.

If Pseudo/simple or Kerberos HTTP SPNEGO authentication mechanisms are used, Oozie will return the user an authentication token HTTP Cookie that can be used in later requests as identity proof.

Oozie uses Apache Hadoop-Auth (Java HTTP SPNEGO) library for authentication. This library can be extended to support other authentication mechanisms.

Oozie user authentication is configured using the following configuration properties (default values shown):

  oozie.authentication.type=simple
  oozie.authentication.token.validity=36000
  oozie.authentication.signature.secret=
  oozie.authentication.cookie.domain=
  oozie.authentication.simple.anonymous.allowed=true
  oozie.authentication.kerberos.principal=HTTP/localhost@${local.realm}
  oozie.authentication.kerberos.keytab=${oozie.service.HadoopAccessorService.keytab.file}

The type defines authentication used for Oozie HTTP endpoint, the supported values are: simple | kerberos | #AUTHENTICATION_HANDLER_CLASSNAME#.

The token.validity indicates how long (in seconds) an authentication token is valid before it has to be renewed.

The signature.secret is the signature secret for signing the authentication tokens. It is recommended to not set this, in which case Oozie will randomly generate one on startup.

The oozie.authentication.cookie.domain The domain to use for the HTTP cookie that stores the authentication token. In order to authentication to work correctly across all Hadoop nodes web-consoles the domain must be correctly set.

The simple.anonymous.allowed indicates if anonymous requests are allowed. This setting is meaningful only when using 'simple' authentication.

The kerberos.principal indicates the Kerberos principal to be used for HTTP endpoint. The principal MUST start with 'HTTP/' as per Kerberos HTTP SPNEGO specification.

The kerberos.keytab indicates the location of the keytab file with the credentials for the principal. It should be the same keytab file Oozie uses for its Kerberos credentials for Hadoop.

Oozie Hadoop Authentication Configuration

Oozie works with Hadoop versions which support Kerberos authentication.

Oozie Hadoop authentication is configured using the following configuration properties (default values shown):

  oozie.service.HadoopAccessorService.kerberos.enabled=false
  local.realm=LOCALHOST
  oozie.service.HadoopAccessorService.keytab.file=${user.home}/oozie.keytab
  oozie.service.HadoopAccessorService.kerberos.principal=${user.name}/localhost@{local.realm}

The above default values are for a Hadoop 0.20 secure distribution (with support for Kerberos authentication).

To enable Kerberos authentication, the following property must be set:

  oozie.service.HadoopAccessorService.kerberos.enabled=true

When using Kerberos authentication, the following properties must be set to the correct values (default values shown):

  local.realm=LOCALHOST
  oozie.service.HadoopAccessorService.keytab.file=${user.home}/oozie.keytab
  oozie.service.HadoopAccessorService.kerberos.principal=${user.name}/localhost@{local.realm}

IMPORTANT: When using Oozie with a Hadoop 20 with Security distribution, the Oozie user in Hadoop must be configured as a proxy user.

User ProxyUser Configuration

Oozie supports impersonation or proxyuser functionality (identical to Hadoop proxyuser capabilities and conceptually similar to Unix 'sudo').

Proxyuser enables other systems that are Oozie clients to submit jobs on behalf of other users.

Because proxyuser is a powerful capability, Oozie provides the following restriction capabilities (similar to Hadoop):

  • Proxyuser is an explicit configuration on per proxyuser user basis.
  • A proxyuser user can be restricted to impersonate other users from a set of hosts.
  • A proxyuser user can be restricted to impersonate users belonging to a set of groups.

There are 2 configuration properties needed to set up a proxyuser:

  • oozie.service.ProxyUserService.proxyuser.#USER#.hosts: hosts from where the user #USER# can impersonate other users.
  • oozie.service.ProxyUserService.proxyuser.#USER#.groups: groups the users being impersonated by user #USER# must belong to.

Both properties support the '*' wildcard as value. Although this is recommended only for testing/development.

User Authorization Configuration

Oozie has a basic authorization model:

  • Users have read access to all jobs
  • Users have write access to their own jobs
  • Users have write access to jobs based on an Access Control List (list of users and groups)
  • Users have read access to admin operations
  • Admin users have write access to all jobs
  • Admin users have write access to admin operations

If security is disabled all users are admin users.

Oozie security is set via the following configuration property (default value shown):

  oozie.service.AuthorizationService.security.enabled=false

NOTE: the old ACL model where a group was provided is still supported if the following property is set in oozie-site.xml :

  oozie.service.AuthorizationService.default.group.as.acl=true

Admin users are determined from the list of admin groups, specified in oozie.service.AuthorizationService.admin.groups property. Use commas to separate multiple groups, spaces, tabs and ENTER characters are trimmed.

If the above property for admin groups is not set, then the admin users are the users specified in the conf/adminusers.txt file. The syntax of this file is:

  • One user name per line
  • Empty lines and lines starting with '#' are ignored

Oozie System ID Configuration

Oozie has a system ID that is is used to generate the Oozie temporary runtime directory, the workflow job IDs, and the workflow action IDs.

Two Oozie systems running with the same ID will not have any conflict but in case of troubleshooting it will be easier to identify resources created/used by the different Oozie systems if they have different system IDs (default value shown):

  oozie.system.id=oozie-${user.name}

Filesystem Configuration

Oozie lets you to configure the allowed Filesystems by using the following configuration property in oozie-site.xml:

  <property>
    <name>oozie.service.HadoopAccessorService.supported.filesystems</name>
    <value>hdfs</value>
  </property>

The above value, hdfs , which is the default, means that Oozie will only allow HDFS filesystems to be used. Examples of other filesystems that Oozie is compatible with are: hdfs, hftp, webhdfs, and viewfs. Multiple filesystems can be specified as comma-separated values. Putting a * will allow any filesystem type, effectively disabling this check.

HCatalog Configuration

Refer to the Oozie HCatalog Integration document for a overview of HCatalog and integration of Oozie with HCatalog. This section explains the various settings to be configured in oozie-site.xml on the Oozie server to enable Oozie to work with HCatalog.

Adding HCatalog jars to Oozie war:

For Oozie server to talk to HCatalog server, HCatalog and hive jars need to be in the server classpath. hive-site.xml which has the configuration to talk to the HCatalog server also needs to be in the classpath or specified by the following configuration property in oozie-site.xml:

  <property>
    <name>oozie.service.HCatAccessorService.hcat.configuration</name>
    <value>/local/filesystem/path/to/hive-site.xml</value>
  </property>
The hive-site.xml can also be placed in a location on HDFS and the above property can have a value of hdfs://HOST:PORT/path/to/hive-site.xml to point there instead of the local file system.

The oozie-[version]-hcataloglibs.tar.gz in the oozie distribution bundles the required hcatalog and hive jars that needs to be placed in the Oozie server classpath. If using a version of HCatalog bundled in Oozie hcataloglibs/, copy the corresponding HCatalog jars from hcataloglibs/ to the libext/ directory. If using a different version of HCatalog, copy the required HCatalog jars from such version in the libext/ directory. This needs to be done before running the oozie-setup.sh script so that these jars get added to the Oozie WAR file.

Configure HCatalog URI Handling:

  <property>
    <name>oozie.service.URIHandlerService.uri.handlers</name>
    <value>org.apache.oozie.dependency.FSURIHandler,org.apache.oozie.dependency.HCatURIHandler</value>
    <description>
        Enlist the different uri handlers supported for data availability checks.
    </description>
  </property>

The above configuration defines the different uri handlers which check for existence of data dependencies defined in a Coordinator. The default value is org.apache.oozie.dependency.FSURIHandler . FSURIHandler supports uris with schemes defined in the configuration oozie.service.HadoopAccessorService.supported.filesystems which are hdfs, hftp and webhcat by default. HCatURIHandler supports uris with the scheme as hcat.

Configure HCatalog services:

  <property>
    <name>oozie.services.ext</name>
    <value>
        org.apache.oozie.service.JMSAccessorService,
        org.apache.oozie.service.PartitionDependencyManagerService,
        org.apache.oozie.service.HCatAccessorService
      </value>
    <description>
          To add/replace services defined in 'oozie.services' with custom implementations.
          Class names must be separated by commas.
    </description>
  </property>

PartitionDependencyManagerService and HCatAccessorService are required to work with HCatalog and support Coordinators having HCatalog uris as data dependency. If the HCatalog server is configured to publish partition availability notifications to a JMS compliant messaging provider like ActiveMQ, then JMSAccessorService needs to be added to oozie.services.ext to handle those notifications.

Configure JMS Provider JNDI connection mapping for HCatalog:

  <property>
    <name>oozie.service.HCatAccessorService.jmsconnections</name>
    <value>
      hcat://hcatserver.colo1.com:8020=java.naming.factory.initial#Dummy.Factory;java.naming.provider.url#tcp://broker.colo1.com:61616,
      default=java.naming.factory.initial#org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory;java.naming.provider.url#tcp://broker.colo.com:61616;connectionFactoryNames#ConnectionFactory
    </value>
    <description>
        Specify the map  of endpoints to JMS configuration properties. In general, endpoint
        identifies the HCatalog server URL. "default" is used if no endpoint is mentioned
        in the query. If some JMS property is not defined, the system will use the property
        defined jndi.properties. jndi.properties files is retrieved from the application classpath.
        Mapping rules can also be provided for mapping Hcatalog servers to corresponding JMS providers.
        hcat://${1}.${2}.com:8020=java.naming.factory.initial#Dummy.Factory;java.naming.provider.url#tcp://broker.${2}.com:61616
    </description>
  </property>

Currently HCatalog does not provide APIs to get the connection details to connect to the JMS Provider it publishes notifications to. It only has APIs which provide the topic name in the JMS Provider to which the notifications are published for a given database table. So the JMS Provider's connection properties needs to be manually configured in Oozie using the above setting. You can either provide a default JNDI configuration which will be used as the JMS Provider for all HCatalog servers, or can specify a configuration per HCatalog server URL or provide a configuration based on a rule matching multiple HCatalog server URLs. For example: With the configuration of hcat://${1}.${2}.com:8020=java.naming.factory.initial#Dummy.Factory;java.naming.provider.url#tcp://broker.${2}.com:61616, request URL of hcat://server1.colo1.com:8020 will map to tcp://broker.colo1.com:61616, hcat://server2.colo2.com:8020 will map to tcp://broker.colo2.com:61616 and so on.

Configure HCatalog Polling Frequency:

  <property>
    <name>oozie.service.coord.push.check.requeue.interval
        </name>
    <value>600000</value>
    <description>Command re-queue interval for push dependencies (in millisecond).
    </description>
  </property>

If there is no JMS Provider configured for a HCatalog Server, then oozie polls HCatalog based on the frequency defined in oozie.service.coord.input.check.requeue.interval . This config also applies to HDFS polling. If there is a JMS provider configured for a HCatalog Server, then oozie polls HCatalog based on the frequency defined in oozie.service.coord.push.check.requeue.interval as a fallback. The defaults for oozie.service.coord.input.check.requeue.interval and oozie.service.coord.push.check.requeue.interval are 1 minute and 10 minutes respectively.

Notifications Configuration

Oozie supports publishing notifications to a JMS Provider for job status changes and SLA met and miss events. For more information on the feature, refer JMS Notifications documentation. Oozie can also send email notifications on SLA misses.

  • Message Broker Installation :
For Oozie to send/receive messages, a JMS-compliant broker should be installed. Apache ActiveMQ is a popular JMS-compliant broker usable for this purpose. See here for instructions on installing and running ActiveMQ.

  • Services :
Add/modify oozie.services.ext property in oozie-site.xml to include the following services.
     <property>
        <name>oozie.services.ext</name>
        <value>
            org.apache.oozie.service.JMSAccessorService,
            org.apache.oozie.service.JMSTopicService,
            org.apache.oozie.service.EventHandlerService,
            org.apache.oozie.sla.service.SLAService
        </value>
     </property>
     

  • Event Handlers :
     <property>
        <name>oozie.service.EventHandlerService.event.listeners</name>
        <value>
            org.apache.oozie.jms.JMSJobEventListener,
            org.apache.oozie.sla.listener.SLAJobEventListener,
            org.apache.oozie.jms.JMSSLAEventListener,
            org.apache.oozie.sla.listener.SLAEmailEventListener
        </value>
     </property>
     
It is also recommended to increase oozie.service.SchedulerService.threads to 15 for faster event processing and sending notifications. The services and their functions are as follows:
JMSJobEventListener - Sends JMS job notifications
JMSSLAEventListener - Sends JMS SLA notifications
SLAEmailEventListener - Sends Email SLA notifications
SLAJobEventListener - Processes job events and calculates SLA. Does not send any notifications
  • JMS properties :
Add oozie.jms.producer.connection.properties property in oozie-site.xml . Its value corresponds to an identifier (e.g. default) assigned to a semi-colon separated key#value list of properties from your JMS broker's =jndi.properties= file. The important properties are java.naming.factory.initial and java.naming.provider.url .

As an example, if using ActiveMQ in local env, the property can be set to

     <property>
        <name>oozie.jms.producer.connection.properties</name>
        <value>
            java.naming.factory.initial#org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory;java.naming.provider.url#tcp://localhost:61616;connectionFactoryNames#ConnectionFactory
        </value>
     </property>
     
  • JMS Topic name :
JMS consumers listen on a particular "topic". Hence Oozie needs to define a topic variable with which to publish messages about the various jobs.
     <property>
        <name>oozie.service.JMSTopicService.topic.name</name>
        <value>
            default=${username}
        </value>
        <description>
            Topic options are ${username}, ${jobId}, or a fixed string which can be specified as default or for a
            particular job type.
            For e.g To have a fixed string topic for workflows, coordinators and bundles,
            specify in the following comma-separated format: {jobtype1}={some_string1}, {jobtype2}={some_string2}
            where job type can be WORKFLOW, COORDINATOR or BUNDLE.
            Following example defines topic for workflow job, workflow action, coordinator job, coordinator action,
            bundle job and bundle action
            WORKFLOW=workflow,
            COORDINATOR=coordinator,
            BUNDLE=bundle
            For jobs with no defined topic, default topic will be ${username}
        </description>
     </property>
     

Another related property is the topic prefix.

     <property>
        <name>oozie.service.JMSTopicService.topic.prefix</name>
        <value></value>
        <description>
            This can be used to append a prefix to the topic in oozie.service.JMSTopicService.topic.name. For eg: oozie.
        </description>
     </property>
     

Setting Up Oozie with HTTPS (SSL)

IMPORTANT : The default HTTPS configuration will cause all Oozie URLs to use HTTPS except for the JobTracker callback URLs. This is to simplify configuration (no changes needed outside of Oozie), but this is okay because Oozie doesn't inherently trust the callbacks anyway; they are used as hints.

The related environment variables are explained at Environment Setup .

You can use either a certificate from a Certificate Authority or a Self-Signed Certificate. Using a self-signed certificate requires some additional configuration on each Oozie client machine. If possible, a certificate from a Certificate Authority is recommended because it's simpler to configure.

There's also some additional considerations when using Oozie HA with HTTPS.

To use a Self-Signed Certificate

There are many ways to create a Self-Signed Certificate, this is just one way. We will be using the keytool program, which is included with your JRE. If it's not on your path, you should be able to find it in $JAVA_HOME/bin.

1. Run the following command (as the Oozie user) to create the keystore file, which will be named .keystore and located in the Oozie user's home directory.

keytool -genkeypair -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA -dname "CN=hostname" -storepass password -keypass password
The hostname should be the host name of the Oozie Server or a wildcard on the subdomain it belongs to. Make sure to include the "CN=" part. You can change storepass and keypass values, but they should be the same. If you do want to use something other than password, you'll also need to change the OOZIE_HTTPS_KEYSTORE_PASS environment variable in oozie-env.sh to match; password is the default.

For example, if your Oozie server was at oozie.int.example.com, then you would do this:

keytool -genkeypair -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA -dname "CN=oozie.int.example.com" -storepass password -keypass password
If you're going to be using Oozie HA, it's simplest if you have a single certificate that all Oozie servers in the HA group can use. To do that, you'll need to use a wild on the subdomain it belongs to:
keytool -genkeypair -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA -dname "CN=*.int.example.com" -storepass password -keypass password
The above would work on any server in the int.example.com domain.

2. Run the following command (as the Oozie user) to export a certificate file from the keystore file:

keytool -exportcert -alias tomcat -file path/to/where/I/want/my/certificate.cert
You'll need this later if you're using the Oozie client (or other Java-based client); otherwise, you can skip this step.

To use a Certificate from a Certificate Authority

1. You will need to make a request to a Certificate Authority in order to obtain a proper Certificate; please consult a Certificate Authority on this procedure. If you're going to be using Oozie HA, it's simplest if you have a single certificate that all Oozie servers in the HA group can use. To do that, you'll need to use a wild on the subdomain it belongs to (e.g. "*.int.example.com").

2. Once you have your .cert file, run the following command (as the Oozie user) to create a keystore file from your certificate:

keytool -import -alias tomcat -file path/to/certificate.cert
The keystore file will be named .keystore and located in the Oozie user's home directory.

Configure the Oozie Server to use SSL (HTTPS)

1. Make sure the Oozie server isn't running

2. Run the following command (as the Oozie user):

oozie-setup.sh prepare-war -secure
This will configure Oozie to use HTTPS instead of HTTP. To revert back to HTTP, simply rerun the command without -secure .

3. Start the Oozie server

Note: If using Oozie HA, make sure that each Oozie server has a copy of the .keystore file.

Configure the Oozie Client to connect using SSL (HTTPS)

The first two steps are only necessary if you are using a Self-Signed Certificate; the third is required either way. Also, these steps must be done on every machine where you intend to use the Oozie Client.

1. Copy or download the .cert file onto the client machine

2. Run the following command (as root) to import the certificate into the JRE's keystore. This will allow any Java program, including the Oozie client, to connect to the Oozie Server using your self-signed certificate.

sudo keytool -import -alias tomcat -file path/to/certificate.cert -keystore ${JRE_cacerts}
Where ${JRE_cacerts} is the path to the JRE's certs file. It's location may differ depending on the Operating System, but its typically called cacerts and located at ${JAVA_HOME}/lib/security/cacerts but may be under a different directory in ${JAVA_HOME} (you may want to create a backup copy of this file first). The default password is changeit .

3. When using the Oozie Client, you will need to use https://oozie.server.hostname:11443/oozie instead of http://oozie.server.hostname:11000/oozie -- Java will not automatically redirect from the http address to the https address.

Connect to the Oozie Web UI using SSL (HTTPS)

1. Use https://oozie.server.hostname:11443/oozie though most browsers should automatically redirect you if you use http://oozie.server.hostname:11000/oozie

IMPORTANT : If using a Self-Signed Certificate, your browser will warn you that it can't verify the certificate or something similar. You will probably have to add your certificate as an exception.

Additional considerations for Oozie HA with SSL

You'll need to configure the load balancer to do SSL pass-through. This will allow the clients talking to Oozie to use the SSL certificate provided by the Oozie servers (so the load balancer does not need one). Please consult your load balancer's documentation on how to configure this. Make sure to point the load balancer at the https://HOST:HTTPS_PORT addresses for your Oozie servers. Clients can then connect to the load balancer at https://LOAD_BALANCER_HOST:PORT.

Important: Callbacks from the JobTracker/ResourceManager are done via http or https depending on what you enter for the =OOZIE_BASE_URL= property. If you are using a Certificate from a Certificate Authority, you can simply put the https address here. If you are using a self-signed certificate, you have to do one of the following options (Option 1 is recommended):

Option 1) You'll need to follow the steps in the Configure the Oozie Client to connect using SSL (HTTPS) section, but on the host of the JobTracker/ResourceManager. You can then set OOZIE_BASE_URL to the load balancer https address. This will allow the JobTracker/ResourceManager to contact the Oozie server with https (like the Oozie client, they are also Java programs).

Option 2) You'll need setup another load balancer, or another "pool" on the existing load balancer, with the http addresses of the Oozie servers. You can then set OOZIE_BASE_URL to the load balancer http address. Clients should use the https load balancer address. This will allow clients to use https while the JobTracker/ResourceManager uses http for callbacks.

Fine Tuning an Oozie Server

Refer to the oozie-default.xml for details.

Using Metrics instead of Instrumentation

As of version 4.1.0, Oozie includes a replacement for the Instrumentation based on Codahale's Metrics library. It includes a number of improvements over the original Instrumentation included in Oozie. They both report most of the same information, though the formatting is slightly different and there's some additional information in the Metrics version; the format of the output to the oozie-instrumentation log is also different. The Metrics version can be enabled by adding the MetricsInstrumentationService to the list of services:

     <property>
        <name>oozie.services.ext</name>
        <value>
            org.apache.oozie.service.MetricsInstrumentationService
        </value>
     </property>
     

Once enabled, the admin/instrumentation REST endpoint will no longer be available and instead the admin/metrics endpoint should be used (see the Web Services API documentation for more details); the Oozie Web UI will also replace the "Instrumentation" tab with a "Metrics" tab.

High Availability (HA)

Multiple Oozie Servers can be configured against the same database to provide High Availability (HA) of the Oozie service.

Pre-requisites

1. A database that supports multiple concurrent connections. In order to have full HA, the database should also have HA support, or it becomes a single point of failure.

NOTE: The default derby database does not support this

2. A ZooKeeper ensemble.

Apache ZooKeeper is a distributed, open-source coordination service for distributed applications; the Oozie servers use it for coordinating access to the database and communicating with each other. In order to have full HA, there should be at least 3 ZooKeeper servers. More information on ZooKeeper can be found here .

3. Multiple Oozie servers.

IMPORTANT: While not strictly required for all configuration properties, all of the servers should ideally have exactly the same configuration for consistency's sake.

4. A Loadbalancer, Virtual IP, or Round-Robin DNS.

This is used to provide a single entry-point for users and for callbacks from the JobTracker/ResourceManager. The load balancer should be configured for round-robin between the Oozie servers to distribute the requests. Users (using either the Oozie client, a web browser, or the REST API) should connect through the load balancer. In order to have full HA, the load balancer should also have HA support, or it becomes a single point of failure.

Installation/Configuration Steps

1. Install identically configured Oozie servers normally. Make sure they are all configured against the same database and make sure that you DO NOT start them yet.

2. Add the following services to the extension services configuration property in oozie-site.xml in all Oozie servers. This will make Oozie use the ZooKeeper versions of these services instead of the default implementations.

<property>
    <name>oozie.services.ext</name>
    <value>
        org.apache.oozie.service.ZKLocksService,
        org.apache.oozie.service.ZKXLogStreamingService,
        org.apache.oozie.service.ZKJobsConcurrencyService,
        org.apache.oozie.service.ZKUUIDService
    </value>
</property>

3. Add the following property to oozie-site.xml in all Oozie servers. It should be a comma-separated list of host:port pairs of the ZooKeeper servers. The default value is shown below.

<property>
   <name>oozie.zookeeper.connection.string</name>
   <value>localhost:2181</value>
</property>

4. (Optional) Add the following property to oozie-site.xml in all Oozie servers to specify the namespace to use. All of the Oozie Servers that are planning on talking to each other should have the same namespace. If there are multiple Oozie setups each doing their own HA, they should have their own namespace. The default value is shown below.

<property>
    <name>oozie.zookeeper.namespace</name>
    <value>oozie</value>
</property>

5. Change the value of OOZIE_BASE_URL in oozie-site.xml to point to the loadbalancer or virtual IP, for example:

<property>
    <name>oozie.base.url</name>
    <value>http://my.loadbalancer.hostname:11000/oozie</value>
</property>

6. (Optional) Add the following property to oozie-site.xml in all Oozie servers to specify the each host instance id. Each Oozie server in HA should have its own unique instance id. The default is ${OOZIE_HTTP_HOSTNAME} (i.e. the hostname).

<property>
    <name>oozie.instance.id</name>
    <value>hostname</value>
</property>

7. (Optional) If using a secure cluster, see Security below on configuring Kerberos with Oozie HA.

8. Start the ZooKeeper servers.

9. Start the Oozie servers.

Note: If one of the Oozie servers becomes unavailable, querying Oozie for the logs from a job in the Web UI, REST API, or client may be missing information until that server comes back up.

Security

Oozie HA works with the existing Oozie security framework and settings. For HA features (log streaming, share lib, etc) to work properly in a secure setup, following property can be set on each server. If oozie.server.authentication.type is not set, then server-server authentication will fall back on oozie.authentication.type .

<property>
    <name>oozie.server.authentication.type</name>
    <value>kerberos</value>
</property>

Below are some additional steps and information specific to Oozie HA:

1. (Optional) To prevent unauthorized users or programs from interacting with or reading the znodes used by Oozie in ZooKeeper, you can tell Oozie to use Kerberos-backed ACLs. To enforce this for all of the Oozie-related znodes, simply add the following property to oozie-site.xml in all Oozie servers and set it to true . The default is false .

<property>
    <name>oozie.zookeeper.secure</name>
    <value>true</value>
</property>

Note: The Kerberos principals of each of the Oozie servers should have the same primary name (i.e. in primary/instance@REALM , each server should have the same value for primary ).

Important: Once this property is set to true , it will set the ACLs on all existing Oozie-related znodes to only allow Kerberos authenticated users with a principal that has the same primary as described above (also for any subsequently created new znodes). This means that if you ever want to turn this feature off, you will have to manually connect to ZooKeeper using a Kerberos principal with the same primary and either delete all znodes under and including the namespace (i.e. if oozie.zookeeper.namespace =oozie then that would be /oozie ); alternatively, instead of deleting them all, you can manually set all of their ACLs to world:anyone . In either case, make sure that no Oozie servers are running while this is being done.

Also, in your zoo.cfg for ZooKeeper, make sure to set the following properties:

authProvider.1=org.apache.zookeeper.server.auth.SASLAuthenticationProvider
kerberos.removeHostFromPrincipal=true
kerberos.removeRealmFromPrincipal=true

2. Until Hadoop 2.5.0 and later, there is a known limitation where each Oozie server can only use one HTTP principal. However, for Oozie HA, we need to use two HTTP principals: HTTP/oozie-server-host@realm and HTTP/load-balancer-host@realm . This allows access to each Oozie server directly and through the load balancer. While users should always go through the load balancer, certain features (e.g. log streaming) require the Oozie servers to talk to each other directly; it can also be helpful for an administrator to talk directly to an Oozie server. So, if using a Hadoop version prior to 2.5.0, you will have to choose which HTTP principal to use as you cannot use both; it is recommended to choose HTTP/load-balancer-host@realm so users can connect through the load balancer. This will prevent Oozie servers from talking to each other directly, which will effectively disable log streaming.

For Hadoop 2.5.0 and later:

2a. When creating the keytab used by Oozie, make sure to include Oozie's principal and the two HTTP principals mentioned above.

2b. Set oozie.authentication.kerberos.principal to * (that is, an asterisks) so it will use both HTTP principals.

For earlier versions of Hadoop:

2a. When creating the keytab used by Oozie, make sure to include Oozie's principal and the load balancer HTTP principal

2b. Set oozie.authentication.kerberos.principal to HTTP/load-balancer-host@realm .

3. With Hadoop 2.6.0 and later, a rolling random secret that is synchronized across all Oozie servers will be used for signing the Oozie auth tokens. This is done automatically when HA is enabled; no additional configuration is needed.

For earlier versions of Hadoop, each server will have a different random secret. This will still work but will likely result in additional calls to the KDC to authenticate users to the Oozie server (because the auth tokens will not be accepted by other servers, which will cause a fallback to Kerberos).

4. If you'd like to use HTTPS (SSL) with Oozie HA, there's some additional considerations that need to be made. See the Setting Up Oozie with HTTPS (SSL) section for more information.

JobId sequence

Oozie in HA mode, uses ZK to generate job id sequence. Job Ids are of following format. ---

Where, is configured as oozie.system.id (default is "oozie-" + "user.name") W/C/B is suffix to job id indicating that generated job is a type of workflow or coordinator or bundle.

Maximum allowed character for job id sequence is 40. "Id sequence" is stored in ZK and reset to 0 once maximum job id sequence is reached. Maximum job id sequence is configured as oozie.service.ZKUUIDService.jobid.sequence.max , default value is 99999999990.

<property>
    <name>oozie.service.ZKUUIDService.jobid.sequence.max</name>
    <value>99999999990</value>
</property>

Starting and Stopping Oozie

Use the standard Tomcat commands to start and stop Oozie.

Oozie Command Line Installation

Copy and expand the oozie-client TAR.GZ file bundled with the distribution. Add the bin/ directory to the PATH .

Refer to the Command Line Interface Utilities document for a full reference of the oozie command line tool.

Oozie Share Lib

The Oozie sharelib TAR.GZ file bundled with the distribution contains the necessary files to run Oozie map-reduce streaming, pig, hive, sqooop, and distcp actions. There is also a sharelib for HCatalog. The sharelib is required for these actions to work; any other actions (mapreduce, shell, ssh, and java) do not require the sharelib to be installed.

As of Oozie 4.0, the following property is included. If true, Oozie will create and ship a "launcher jar" to hdfs that contains classes necessary for the launcher job. If false, Oozie will not do this, and it is assumed that the necessary classes are in their respective sharelib jars or the "oozie" sharelib instead. When false, the sharelib is required for ALL actions; when true, the sharelib is only required for actions that need additional jars (the original list from above).

<property>
    <name>oozie.action.ship.launcher.jar</name>
    <value>true</value>
</property>

Using sharelib CLI, sharelib files are copied to new lib_ directory. At start, server picks the sharelib from latest time-stamp directory. While starting, server also purges sharelib directory which are older than sharelib retention days (defined as oozie.service.ShareLibService.temp.sharelib.retention.days and 7 days is default).

Sharelib mapping file can be also configured. Configured file is a key value mapping, where key will be the sharelib name for the action and value is a comma separated list of DFS directories or jar files. This can be configured in oozie-site.xml as :

  <!-- OOZIE -->
    <property>
        <name>oozie.service.ShareLibService.mapping.file</name>
        <value></value>
        <description>
            Sharelib mapping files contains list of key=value,
            where key will be the sharelib name for the action and value is a comma separated list of
            DFS directories or jar files.
            Example.
            oozie.pig_10=hdfs:///share/lib/pig/pig-0.10.1/lib/
            oozie.pig=hdfs:///share/lib/pig/pig-0.11.1/lib/
            oozie.distcp=hdfs:///share/lib/hadoop-2.2.0/share/hadoop/tools/lib/hadoop-distcp-2.2.0.jar
        </description>
    </property>
 

Oozie Coordinators/Bundles Processing Timezone

By default Oozie runs coordinator and bundle jobs using UTC timezone for datetime values specified in the application XML and in the job parameter properties. This includes coordinator applications start and end times of jobs, coordinator datasets initial-instance, and bundle applications kickoff times. In addition, coordinator dataset instance URI templates will be resolved using datetime values of the Oozie processing timezone.

It is possible to set the Oozie processing timezone to a timezone that is an offset of UTC, alternate timezones must expressed in using a GMT offset ( GMT+/-#### ). For example: GMT+0530 (India timezone).

To change the default UTC timezone, use the oozie.processing.timezone property in the oozie-site.xml . For example:

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>oozie.processing.timezone</name>
        <value>GMT+0530</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

IMPORTANT: If using a processing timezone other than UTC , all datetime values in coordinator and bundle jobs must be expressed in the corresponding timezone, for example 2012-08-08T12:42+0530 .

NOTE: It is strongly encouraged to use UTC , the default Oozie processing timezone.

For more details on using an alternate Oozie processing timezone, please refer to the Coordinator Functional Specification, section '4. Datetime'

MapReduce Workflow Uber Jars

For Map-Reduce jobs (not including streaming or pipes), additional jar files can also be included via an uber jar. An uber jar is a jar file that contains additional jar files within a "lib" folder (see Workflow Functional Specification for more information). Submitting a workflow with an uber jar requires at least Hadoop 2.2.0 or 1.2.0. As such, using uber jars in a workflow is disabled by default. To enable this feature, use the oozie.action.mapreduce.uber.jar.enable property in the oozie-site.xml (and make sure to use a supported version of Hadoop).

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>oozie.action.mapreduce.uber.jar.enable</name>
        <value>true</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

Advanced/Custom Environment Settings

Oozie can be configured to use Unix standard filesystem hierarchy for its different files (configuration, logs, data and temporary files).

These settings must be done in the bin/oozie-env.sh script.

This script is sourced before the configuration oozie-env.sh and supports additional environment variables (shown with their default values):

export OOZIE_CONFIG=${OOZIE_HOME}/conf
export OOZIE_DATA={OOZIE_HOME}/data
export OOZIE_LOG={OOZIE_HOME}/logs
export CATALINA_BASE=${OOZIE_HOME}/oozie-server
export CATALINA_TMPDIR=${OOZIE_HOME}/oozie-server/temp
export CATALINA_OUT=${OOZIE_LOGS}/catalina.out
export CATALINA_PID=/tmp/oozie.pid

Sample values to make Oozie follow Unix standard filesystem hierarchy:

export OOZIE_CONFIG=/etc/oozie
export OOZIE_DATA=/var/lib/oozie
export OOZIE_LOG=/var/log/oozie
export CATALINA_BASE=${OOZIE_DATA}/oozie-server
export CATALINA_TMPDIR=/tmp
export CATALINA_PID=/tmp/oozie.pid

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